The word 俳句 (haiku) originates from the Japanese language, where it is composed of two kanji characters: 俳 (hai) meaning 'actor' or 'entertainment' and 句 (ku) meaning 'phrase' or 'verse.' The term was first coined in the late 19th century by the poet Masaoka Shiki, who sought to modernize the traditional haikai poetry form.

Historically, haiku evolved from the renga, a collaborative linked-verse poetry form popular during the medieval period in Japan. The opening stanza of a renga, known as the hokku, was often composed by the most esteemed poet in the group and set the tone for the subsequent verses. Over time, the hokku gained prominence as a standalone poem, eventually becoming known as the haiku.

In the Edo period (1603-1868), poets like Matsuo Bashō elevated the hokku to an art form, emphasizing simplicity, nature, and the fleeting beauty of life. Bashō's influence was pivotal in shaping the haiku's aesthetic, which continues to resonate in modern times.

Today, haiku is celebrated worldwide for its brevity and depth, often used to capture moments of nature or human emotion. It has inspired countless poets and remains a popular form of expression in both traditional and contemporary literature.