A long, epic poem that narrates the heroic deeds and adventures of a legendary figure.

Origin: The word 'ملحمة' (malḥama) comes from the Arabic root 'ل-ح-م', which is related to battle or fighting. The word itself has been used historically to describe epic tales of heroism and valor.
Historical and Cultural Context: Arabic literature has a rich tradition of oral storytelling, where epic poems were recited to entertain, educate, and inspire audiences. These poems often chronicled the exploits of heroes and were integral in preserving the history and cultural values of Arab society.
Evolution: Over time, the term 'malḥama' came to be associated with not just any battle, but specifically grand and significant conflicts, often involving supernatural elements or divine intervention. This evolution mirrored the growth of the literary tradition in the Arab world, where such epics became more elaborate and sophisticated.
Modern Relevance: Today, 'malḥama' is used to describe not only historical or mythical epics but also modern narratives that explore themes of struggle and heroism. It has influenced various forms of media, including cinema and literature, across the Arab world.

The 'Epic of Gilgamesh', one of the oldest known literary works, is often considered a precursor to the Arabic 'malḥama'. Though originally Sumerian, it shares the epic storytelling style that has influenced Arabic literature.