Oil, especially used for cooking or lubrication.

Origin: The word 'روغن' (roghan) originates from Middle Persian 'rōgan', meaning oil or fat, which itself comes from Old Persian. The root is believed to be linked to Indo-Iranian 'raughna', which pertains to oily or greasy substances. Historical and Cultural Context: The term has been used historically in Persian literature and texts, often referring to cooking oil or substances used in lamps. Its first known use is in Zoroastrian texts describing sacred fires. Evolution: Over time, the word has retained its core meaning of oil. It has cognates in other Indo-Iranian languages, such as 'रोगन' (rogan) in Sanskrit, which also means oil. Modern Relevance: Today, 'روغن' is commonly used in Persian-speaking countries to refer to various types of oils, from culinary to industrial. It forms the basis of several idiomatic expressions, such as 'روغن ریختن' (roghan rikhtan) meaning to smooth over or make things easier.

In traditional Persian cuisine, روغن (roghan) is often used in combination with saffron to create rich and aromatic dishes.