The Jewish day of rest and seventh day of the week, observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening.

Origin: The word שַׁבָּת (shabbat) comes from the Hebrew root ש-ב-ת (sh-b-t), which means 'to cease, desist, or rest'. The term is believed to have been used since ancient times in the Hebrew Bible.
Historical and Cultural Context: Shabbat is one of the Ten Commandments and has been central to Jewish life and culture for millennia. It is first mentioned in the Book of Genesis, where God rests on the seventh day after creation. Historically, it served as a cornerstone for Jewish communal and spiritual life.
Evolution: The concept of a weekly day of rest was revolutionary in the ancient world, providing a time for spiritual reflection and community. Cognates can be found in other Semitic languages, such as Arabic سبت (sabt), which also refers to Saturday. Over time, the practice of observing a day of rest influenced other cultures and religions, notably Christianity with Sunday and Islam with Friday.
Modern Relevance: Today, Shabbat is observed by Jews worldwide. It involves various rituals, including lighting candles, reciting blessings, and partaking in festive meals. Its observance varies among Jewish communities, with some adhering strictly to traditional prohibitions on work and others adopting more liberal interpretations.

The concept of a weekly day of rest introduced by Shabbat was unique in the ancient world and influenced the adoption of similar practices in other major religions.