A traditional form of storytelling through dance and music, often performed in a theatrical setting.

The word Wayang originates from the Javanese language, where it means "shadow" or "imagination." The term is deeply rooted in the cultural and spiritual traditions of Java, Indonesia, dating back to the 9th century. Initially, Wayang referred to shadow puppetry, a form of storytelling that used intricate puppets made from leather or wood, projected onto a screen to create shadows. This art form was not only a source of entertainment but also a medium for moral and philosophical teachings.

During the Majapahit Empire in the 13th century, Wayang evolved to include live performances with human actors, known as Wayang Wong. The stories often depicted ancient epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata, blending Hindu and local Javanese elements. Over time, Wayang became a symbol of cultural identity and resistance, especially during the Dutch colonial period, when it was used to subtly critique colonial rule.

Today, Wayang is celebrated as a UNESCO Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. It continues to be a vibrant part of Indonesian culture, with performances held during festivals, ceremonies, and special occasions. Modern adaptations have introduced contemporary themes, making Wayang relevant to new generations.

The puppeteer in a Wayang performance, known as the dalang, is considered a spiritual guide and often undergoes rigorous training to master the art of storytelling, voice modulation, and puppet manipulation.